Personality characteristics of sheep and goats

—A great deal of parapsychological research has investigated the effect upon extra-sensory perception (ESP), of the so-called 'sheep-goat variable' (SGV), that is, belief in the existence of ESP, either in the abstract or with respect to one's own psychic ability. However, very little purely psychological research has examined the question of possible personality differences between 'sheep' (the 'believers') and 'goats' (the 'disbelievers'). Personality factors are important both as potentially confounding variables, and as independent predictors of psi-scoring which could be used in combination with the SGV. This paper reports two sets of experiments of the pilot-confirmation type: a grand total of 552 subjects were administered various personality tests plus one or other of two 'sheep-goat scales'. Replicated results indicated that the SGV was related to extraversion-introversion and to conservatism-radicalism: sheep tend to be more extraverted and more conservative than goats, who tend towards introversion and intellectual skepticism.